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GCIL HOME HOT TOPICS PAPAHANAUMOKUAKEA MONUMENT R.M.S. TITANIC SIGNIFICANT ISSUES AND DEVELOPMENTS REFERENCES SUBJECT AREAS: Select One Subject Areas home Case Zablocki Intl. Hydrographic Org. Japanese Midget Sub Marine Mammals Marine Pollution Marine Sanctuaries NEPA, Extra. Appl. ACRONYMS EXTERNSHIPS ATTORNEY BIOGRAPHIES

PRIMARY LEGAL SUBJECT AREAS The Office of General Counsel for International Law GCIL staff have developed expertise related to many legal subject areas, including: Antarctic Issues Antarctic Treaty Environmental Protocol Liability Annex Arctic Issues Arctic Council/Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (PAME) Artificial Reefs See also, Ocean Dumping Artificial Reefs (Guidelines for Construction and Placement) Biological Diversity and Related Issues Convention on Biological Diversity and Related Issues Access and Benefit Sharing Bioprospecting Marine Genetic Resources High Seas Biodiversity Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems Coastal Zone Management – International Activities Integrated Ocean and Coastal Zone Management Small Island Issues Ecosystem Management Large Marine Ecosystems (LME) High Seas The Area Extraterritorial Application of Domestic Laws National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA): Application of NEPA and other U.S. Laws Beyond the U.S. Territorial Sea Fisheries International Fisheries Issues (Magnuson-Stevens Act (MSA), Aquaculture, Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs)) Galapagos Island Issues Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) Heritage: Natural, Cultural and Historic Resources – International Activities Underwater Cultural Heritage and Shipwreck Issues United Nations Environmental, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) World Heritage Convention Bilateral and Multilateral Agreements and their Implementation (e.g., Titanic, Japanese Midget Sub, German U-Boats) Jurisdictional Issues involving the Right of Coastal States to Regulate UCH in the Various Maritime Zones Treatment of Sunken Military Craft Hydrography/Survey International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) International Hydrographic Organization Advisory Board on the Law of the Sea (ABLOS) Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) IOC Advisory Body of Experts on the Law of the Sea (ABE-LOS) Marine Debris International Marine Debris Issues Derelict Fishing Gear MARPOL Annex V Marine Mammals Right Whales and Ship Strikes Underwater Sound Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas MPAs on the High Seas International Issues Associated with National Marine Sanctuaries Protection of Particular Areas and Resources from Damage Marine Pollution Marine Pollution Land-Based Sources of Marine Pollution Vessel Sources of Marine Pollution Marine Scientific Research LOSC Article 257 (PDF) Maritime Zones and Boundaries Baseline — Territorial Sea and Other Maritime Zones Contiguous Zone (24 nautical miles (nm)) Exclusive Economic Zone (200 nm) Continental Shelf including Extended Continental Shelf (ECS) Beyond 200 nm Maritime Boundaries with Other Nations Ocean Dumping 1972 London Convention and the 1996 Protocol Artificial Reefs (Guidelines for Construction and Placement) Seabirds Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels Ships, Regulation of UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, International Maritime Organization and Matters Relating to Regulation of Ships Aquatic Nuisance Species and Ballast Water Management Treaty Issues International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-Fouling Systems on Ships (AFS Convention) Jurisdictional Issues Involving the Right of Coastal States to Regulate Ships in the Various Maritime Zones Marine Protected Areas and Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas Marine Scientific Research International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) Ship Routing and Reporting Requirements Trade and Investment WTO, NAFTA, Bilateral/Multilateral Free Trade Agreements International Fisheries Agreements with Trade Provisions (e.g., ICCAT) Pelly Amendment and other U.S. Fisheries Laws with Trade Provisions